Abstract
In the article based on the material of the novel «Poor People» the family as the value in the art world of the work is considered. It is argued that the writer's worldview and reader’s experience acts as the basis of the family values. From reader's experience Dostoyevsky implements the Russian literature tradition and presents it as an ideal, from foreign – as an anti-ideal, from world outlook experience – an idea of what a righteous family should be, the true values of which were put since the childhood. For Dostoevsky, the ideal of the family is known as the opposition to the antiideal (or antivalues). The antivalue in Dostoevsky's philosophical experience is a random family. The antivalue of the random family is the loss of biological and spiritual relations between family members, in mutual enmity and hatred, as a result - a person appears "unprepared", morally devastated. Despite the modest plot, the novel "Poor people" shows a lot of different families, includes bright family stories, we can say - the whole plot of the work is focused on the family. However, if before Dostoevsky a noble man had come from a noble family (A. S. Pushkin), the novel "Poor people" asserts the spiritual status of the person, at first glance, in the unfavourable family. In this work, there are a lot of socially disadvantaged families, whose members have not lost the ability to love each other. Dostoevsky argues that it is not even the state that depends on a strong family, but the moral essence of a person. Representing the life of characters, Dostoyevsky embodies quite obvious axiological formula: the loss of a family is moral devastation, the finding of a family is self-discovery.
Keywords
Axiology, Russian literature, F. M. Dostoyevsky, thought family, novel «Poor People», family as values